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The public and the convexity of loyalty to the emperor – the critical assessment of the Tang Dynasty’s “Filial Piety Notes and Comments”
Author: Liu Zengguang
Source: The author authorized by Confucian Network, original published by “Confucian Research” No. 2, 2023
Abstract: “Filial Piety Notes and Comments” has a classic position in the Tang Dynasty. It is annotated and miscellaneous, and it is combined to form a political education and science book that is all over the country. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and his superior sage king made annotations on “Filial Piety”, so the “Filial Piety Notes” also reveals the characteristics of the thoughts that are different from those of Confucians or scholars: First, it is to guide Confucianism and respect morality and suppress benevolence. Xuanzong’s “Preface to Filial Piety” and Yuanxing commentaries seem to follow Zheng Xuan, but in fact, Taoism does not change the Confucian morality and tribute. It is clear at a glance by referring to Xuanzong’s “Preface to Fate and Virtue”. The second is to destroy the ancient gifts and to reduce the political energy of the whole country contained in the “Filial Piety”. “The Commentary on Filial Piety” decided to eliminate the old notes, and did not speak out about the three elders and five updates who could best govern the whole country with filial piety, and showed a clear sense of respecting the emperor. The third is to strengthen the respect for the king, and to fall from the governance of virtue and virtue to the governance of law. “Commentary on Filial Piety” implies the meaning of “establishing character and conducting the way” in “Filial Piety” as the highest level of filial piety. It uses filial piety to follow the current gift laws and emphasizes the meaning of “changing loyalty to the emperor”. In this regard, the Song Dynasty was very excited and emphasized the meaning of “self-cultivation” in “Big School”, which can be a reflection of the thoughts of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Author introduction: Liu Zengguang, director and associate professor of the Chinese Philosophy Teaching and Research Department of the National People’s School of National People’s School of China, the purpose of important research and discussion is Song Ming’s Science and “Filial Piety”.
“New Book of Tang Dynasty·The Yuanxing Introduction” read: “Xuanzong’s own annotation of “Filial Piety”, and he recited the “Filial Piety” as a memorial, and established himself as an official.” Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty annotated “Filial Piety” twice in the tenth year of Kaiyuan (722) and the second year of Tianbao (743). According to the corresponding place, the Yuanxing Commentary was also re-edited. The ones listed in the “Thirteen Notes and Comments” are the heavy annotations of Tianbao. The first annotations of the Yuan Dynasty are found in the “Reverse Crime Version of the Tang Dynasty’s Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imper As the “Notes on Filial Piety” made by the emperor and the memorial written by the emperor’s order, the two are a whole [1], and they form a political education and science book that runs across the country. The readers of this education and science book are obviously important to the people under the rule of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, not Emperor Xuanzong of Tang himself. [2] After the Imperial Notes were compiled by Volume 35 of “Tang Huiyao”, “the whole country was allowed to avoid the “Filial Piety” and teach diligently. The school was taught more and more. The prefecture and county chief was the Ming Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty was taught in the same class.” [3]. This is used as the teaching book for scholars, commoners and officials across the country. In the Preface of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he said that “the Ming king governed the whole country with filial piety” in “The Preface of the Jing Dynasty”, “When the Jing Dynasty went on, even though the virtues and teachings were added to the cause, many loves were manifested in the world.” Yuanshi’s commentary said in a straightforward way: “This is the meaning of teaching.” 4 However, Xuanzong not only taught the teachings as emperors. He said that “the Master was not so slight, but he was extremely rude, but he was not so rude.” Therefore, he wrote the “Filial Piety Notes” to achieve the state of “the time of enlightenment is one, and the essence is not two”, just as the Yuanshi’s commentary was revealed: “(Xuanzong) After the Master was not yet in the past, he was dispersed by the world, and his classics were scattered and his notes were recorded. Therefore, he picked up the key points and wrote them on his own.” [5]In this way, Xuanzong even focused on the elements of inheriting and revealing Confucius’s subtle words, and combined power and Taoism. Li Qigu’s “The Form of Filial Piety in the Imperial Notes” says: “The Emperor of the Emperor of the Heavenly Treasures, the Holy Spirit, the Civil and Military Emperor, is kind to filial piety and reason, and is carefully pursuing the old passage with the saint who is incomprehensible, and uses the God of Unpredictability to make new annotations, which is as bright as the sun and the moon.” [6] The components of Xuanzong’s own teachings who gather Taoism and govern the whole body are clearly revealed. The first volume of the opening Yuan Dynasty is “Preface to the Yuan Xing Jing”, and Tianbao’s heavy notes and “Shi Tai Xiao Jing” replaced them with the “Preface to the Filial Piety” written by Xuanzong himself, which was to attach a higher level of authority to the “Preface to the Filial Piety”. [7] In short, Xuanzong, who wrote annotations on “The Filial Piety”, did not hold the attitude of a scholar, but the attitude of a supreme and saint king. Therefore, the “Commentary on Filial Piety” also shows the ideological characteristics that are different from the commentary on Confucians or scholars. It has three authors: one is to guide Confucianism to learn the Tao, respect morality and suppress benevolence; the second is to fall into ancient gifts and reduce the political energy of the whole country contained in the “Commentary on Filial Piety”; the third is to strengthen the respect for the king and rule the country with the law.
1. Respecting morality and suppressing benevolence and honor
While annotating “Filial Piety”, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was also annotating “Featured Destiny”. The “Imperial Annotation of the True Character of Morality” (four volumes) was written between the 20th and 21st year of Kaiyuan. The “Imperial Annotation of the True Character of Morality” (ten volumes) was slightly later, and the book was completed in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan. 8 From the perspective of time, the annotation of “The Book of Morality” and the book of Shuzhicheng are being explained twice. From the perspective of emotion, the form of the annotations and replication of the “Qiyi” and the form of the mutual complementation of the annotations and replications of the “Qiyi” is also seen in the “Qiyi” of Emperor Xuanzong: “The preface to the filial piety” says: “There are many texts and a brief meaning. Now it is stored in the annotations and is widely used to expose it.” [9] The contents of the annotations and revisions of the “Qiyi” of Emperor Xuanzong and his “Qiyi” mostly contain the influence of each other’s seals and evidence. This is the most obvious thing in the “Fiyi Preface”. It can be seen that this preface is very important to be the thought guide set before Xuanzong’s annotation of “Filial Piety” and “Fairy Divination”. Because Tianbao was heavily annotated “Filial Piety” in the second year of Tianbao, the ancients believed that Xuanzong’s “Preface to Filial Piety” was also around this time. However, “Preface to Filial Piety” was written in March [10] of the second year of the Kaiyuan period, earlier than the book that was first noted by the Kaiyuan period. As Tianbao was heavily commented, Xuanzong placed this “Preface to Filial Piety” at the beginning of the article, replacing the Yuanxing preface that was first noted in the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty to add to the authority of “Preface to Filial Piety”, which also explains that Xuanzong’s understanding of “Preface to Filial Piety” and the relationship between the two was not different. Volume 81 of “Collection of the Tang Dynasty” “Political Affairs·History” published in the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (719) Pu Yue’s “I have used the complete Taoist Scriptures and long-term morality, the floating nature is subtle, and the s TC:
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